动力型锂离子电池富锂三元正极材料研究进展

随着电动汽车、智能电网以及大规模储能领域的快速发展,对作为储能设备的锂离子电池的各项性能指标,如能量密度和功率密度等,提出了更加苛刻的要求。因此,开发稳定性好、比容量高的新型正极材料是进一步提高锂离子电池能量密度的关键。富锂三元正极材料xLi_2MnO_3·(1-x)Li Mn_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2(0.1≤x≤0.5)具有工作电压高、比容量高、环境友好等优点,引起了广大科研工作者的高度关注和广泛研究。本文就此类新型富锂三元正极材料的研究进展进行了总结,对该类材料的晶体结构特征以及首次充放电机理、电化学性能的改善等进行了评述,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Controlling the electrical characteristics of Au/n‐Si structure with and without (biphenyl‐CoPc) and (OHSubs‐ZnPc) interfacial layers at room temperature

In order to interpret well whether or not the organic or polymer interfacial layer is effective on performance of the conventional Au/n‐Si (metal semiconductor [MS]) type Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), in respect to ideality factor (n ), leakage current, rectifying rate (RR ), series and shunt resistances (R_s , R_sh ) and surface states (N_ss ) at room temperature, both Au/biphenyl‐CoPc/n‐Si (MPS₁) and Au/OHSubs‐ZnPc/n‐Si (MPS₂) type SBDs were fabricated. The electrical characteristics of these devices have been investigated and compared by using forward and reverse bias current–voltage (I–V ) characteristics in the voltage range of (?4 V)–(4 V) for with and without (biphenyl‐CoPc) and (OHSubs‐ZnPc) interfacial layers at room temperature. The main electrical parameters of these diodes such as reverse saturation current (I₀ ), ideality factor (n ), zero‐bias barrier height (Φ_B0 ), RR , R_s and R_sh were found as 1.14 × 10^?5 A, 5.8, 0.6 eV, 362, 44 Ω and 15.9 kΩ for reference sample (MS), 7.05 × 10^?10 A, 3.8, 0.84 eV, 2360, 115 Ω and 270 kΩ for MPS1 and 2.16 × 10^?7 A, 4.8, 0.7 eV, 3903, 62 Ω and 242 kΩ for MPS₂, respectively. It is clear that all of these parameters considerably change by using an organic interfacial layer. The energy density distribution profile of N_ss was found for each sample by taking into account the voltage dependence of effective barrier height (Φ_e ) and ideality factor, and they were compared. Experimental results confirmed that the use of biphenyl‐CoPc and OHSubs‐ZnPc interfacial layer has led to an important increase in the performance of the conventional of MS type SBD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贫煤O_2/CO_2气氛下燃烧时内在矿物质对SO_2和NO_x排放特性的影响

利用管式炉反应器在550-1 000℃对长治贫煤和脱矿物质煤分别在空气和O_2/CO_2气氛进行了燃烧实验。利用XRF、XRD等分析手段,对煤样的基本性能进行了分析表征,并采用热分析仪(TG-DTG)以及傅里叶红外气体分析仪(AntarisIGS)对贫煤燃烧过程中的燃烧特性和SO_2和NO_x释放规律进行了研究。结果表明,与原煤相比,脱矿物质煤的着火温度和燃烬温度有所降低;O_2/CO_2气氛下,原煤和脱矿物质煤的着火温度和燃烬温度都升高,说明当O_2浓度为20%时,空气气氛比O_2/CO_2气氛更易于着火和燃烬。此外,与长治原煤相比,脱矿物质煤在相同条件下燃烧时SO_2的释放量明显提高,而NO_x的释放量却有所降低。O_2/CO_2气氛下原煤燃烧时SO_2浓度比空气气氛下的要高,而脱矿物质煤燃烧时释放的SO_2浓度明显比空气气氛下的低;O_2/CO_2气氛下原煤和脱矿物质煤燃烧时释放的NOx浓度比空气气氛下燃烧时释放的NO_x浓度要低。     

基于时空加权回归模型北京市房屋租赁价格的空间分析

基于北京市77个小区2013年4月到2014年3月的月度房屋租赁价格数据,利用时空加权回归模型分析了租赁价格与其相关协变量之间的关系,结果揭示了北京房屋租赁价格的空间特征和不同影响因素的影响.     

新型降压槽结构设计及流动特性分析

针对三元复合驱分注过程中低视粘度损失和高压降不能同时实现的问题,设计出了一种新型降压槽,运用CFD软件对其环空流道的流动特性进行数值模拟,研究了新型降压槽内的压力、速度、湍动能、视粘度和应变率分布情况.同时将其与环形降压槽进行对比,结果表明,相同长度的降压槽,新型降压槽的压差更大,视粘度损失更小.     

光照强度和掺杂浓度对多孔硅形貌和电化学行为的影响

测试分析了光照强度和掺杂浓度对n型硅电极电化学特性的影响。采用电化学阳极腐蚀法在光照辅助下制备多孔硅(PS),通过扫描电镜研究掺杂浓度对PS表面微观形貌的影响,通过积分球测试仪测试研究了PS对光的反射率。结果表明,对于n型硅,光照是激发空穴的必要手段,光照强度越强,硅/电解液界面的电荷转移阻抗越小,更利于反应的进行;掺杂浓度越高,电化学极化阻力越小,促进PS孔密度增加。本实验条件下,形成的PS是微米级孔,随着掺杂浓度的增加,形成的PS孔径越小,孔深存在一个极值;电阻率为0.35Ω·cm的硅片拥有最大的孔深13μm;PS的孔结构大大提升了硅基对光子的捕获能力,相比于单晶硅,在可见-近红外范围,电阻率为0.0047Ω·cm的硅片制备的n-PS对光的反射率已经从30%降低到了5%。     

Synthesis,thermal property and antifungal evaluation of pyrazine esters

Synthesis, thermal properties, as well as antifungal assessment of pyrazine esters were handed in this work. The metal-free esterification of pyrazinyl methanol and acid chloride derivatives in a stoichiometric ratio yielded the following compounds: pyrazin-2-ylmethyl benzoate (3a), (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl) methyl benzoate (3b), 1-(pyrazin-2-yl) ethyl benzoate (3c), 2-(pyrazin-2-yl) ethyl benzoate (3d), pyrazin-2-ylmethyl pivalate (3e). The spectral results totally showed that the synthesis conditions used permitted the compounds to be produced with great yield. The characterization included ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, HRMS and organoleptic tests. Their thermal degradation process was examined by using the TG (thermogravimetry) and DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) methods. The pyrolysis products of the pyrazine esters in inert and oxidative atmospheres were analyzed by the Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) method. It revealed that 3a–3e were totally evaporated throughout the pyrolysis experiments at low temperatures. And they evaporated with high relative contents in pure nitrogen (86.12%–94.17%) and oxidative (75.01%–88.85%) atmospheres, with only a small amount decomposing into a series of substances. Additionally, the in vitro antifungal effects of compounds 3a–3e against R. solani, P. nicotianae, F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. moniliforme were further investigated using the mycelial growth rate methodology. The findings shown that compound 3c has 94% and 80% inhibitor rates at 0.5 mg/ml against R. solani and P. nicotianae, respectively, with an EC₅₀ value (half maximum effective concentration) of 0.0191 mg/ml and 0.1870 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly, that of compounds 3a and 3b exhibited 82% and 91% at 0.5 mg/ml against R. solani, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.0209 mg/ml and 0.0218 mg/ml, respectively. The molecular docking of compound 3c with SDH (Succinate dehydrogenase) was preliminarily performed to reveal the binding modes in active pocket and analyze the interactions between the molecules and the protein.     

吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的EI质谱特征分析

采用气相色谱－质谱联用技术（GC－MS）对 9 种吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素（MDMB－CHMINACA、5F－AB－PINACA、5F－AMB、AB－CHMINACA、AB－FUBINACA、AB－PINACA、MDMB－FUBINACA、AMB－FUBINACA、ADB－BUTINACA）在电子轰击（EI）电离模式下产生的主要碎片离子和碎裂过程进行分析,并对所获得的质谱图进行解析,推测该类物质的EI碎裂规律。结果表明,在EI模式下,吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的吲唑3号位酰胺基C—N键的断裂是主要碎裂方式,在碎裂过程中还存在麦氏重排。该研究总结了吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素在EI模式下的主要碎片离子和质谱特征,归纳了EI的特征碎裂规律,可为吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的结构推断与鉴定提供参考。     

十项全能运动本质特征及训练规律新探

本研究在总结分析已有相关成果的基础上,运用文献资料法、比较法、逻辑推理法、数理统计法对十项全能的本质特征和训练规律进行了研究,研究结论:(1)本研究认为已有成果在统计概念、统计方法、研究结果、研究理念等方面的理解和运用存在偏差;(2)对十项全能各单项间结构关系,各单项与总成绩的本质关系,各单项对总成绩的直接效应、简接效应以及总效应进行了研究;(3)总结了当前十项全能的训练规律。